How to Understand and Evaluate S3 Costs over the Data Lifecycle

AWS Simple Storage Service—S3 in short—is a cheap, secure, durable, highly available object storage service for storing unlimited amount of data. S3 is simple to use and scales infinitely in terms of data storage. This is true at least in theory, although it’s remarkable that nobody has ever complained and are unlikely to do so in the foreseeable future. In S3, data is stored across multiple devices across a minimum of three availability zones in a highly redundant manner. S3 is highly flexible to store any type of data. It is a key-based object store. S3 is based on a global infrastructure and using it is as simple as making standard https calls.

With its ever-growing popularity and ease of use, it provides many features and is still growing and evolving to enable a large number of use cases related to data storage and management across the industry, big or small. But there is something that has everyone worried, namely, S3 usage costs. Costs are not a matter of worry on their own, given that S3 is indeed quite an inexpensive storage available on cloud. What bothers is the visibility into the various factors which affect cost calculations. These factors are too detailed to be taken lightly. In this article, we will take a scenario, neither a very happy one nor very complex, as an example to calculate usage costs, which hopefully will make us aware of its fine details.

AWS S3 Pricing

With incredibly wide scenarios of data storage and management support in S3, there are a limited but large number of technical features and usage criteria which have attendant costs. Given all these features, it becomes quite challenging to visualize and evaluate how costs add up. Typically, the cost of S3 is calculated based on the Data storage, S3 APIs usage, that is, Requests and data retrievals, Network Data Transfer, and the other S3 features for its data management or operations, i.e., Management and Replication. There are different data storage classes in S3. Storage pricing on these classes are different; pricing also varies for the various API calls for data usage like uploads, listing, downloads, or retrievals. S3 Pricing is listed at https://aws.amazon.com/s3/pricing/. We will refer to this page for all calculations.

Data Scenario and Assumptions

We have our S3 bucket in the Mumbai region. Suppose we upload 10240GB (10TB) of data per day every day until 31^st March 2020, and a total number of 10 Million objects corresponding to the 10TB data per day. This data is uploaded to a S3 bucket from application servers. Also, data is uploaded to the Standard Storage Class in S3. This upload Operation uses an S3 Object PUT request starting 1^st March 2020. We will assume that each object is larger than the S3 Intelligent Tier minimum object size criteria, i.e., 128KB. Also, we will assume that the objects in the S3 Intelligent Tier would be in the Frequent access Tier for first 30 days and in the Infrequent access Tier for the next 30 days. The next assumption is that new uploads on each day would occur at 00:00AM and that the new data uses the full 24hours on the day of the upload. In addition, we assume that this is a single AWS account billed individually, that it is not part of any AWS Organization with any other member accounts, and that the free tier coverage is over. We will use the S3 pricing page for all the price rates and units for calculations pertaining to the Mumbai region.

The S3 Lifecycle Transition—moving data to reduce costs

We can create Lifecycle Transitions to move data to ensure lower storage cost. Here, we will create a Lifecycle Transition using the following steps:

• Keep data in S3 Standard for 30 days after uploading to S3 Standard.
• After 30 days of creation, move the data to the S3 Intelligent Tier.
• After 90 days of creation, move the data to the Glacier Deep Archive Tier.
• After 120 days of creation, delete the data.

  Now, without further theoretical talk, let’s begin the journey of cost calculations.

An S3 Standard Cost for March

Cost of Uploads

We calculate the price of uploads, i.e., PUT API calls as shown below:

• The PUT per 1000 requests in S3 Standard = $0.005

(A) So, the cost of Total PUTs = 10,000,000 * $0.005 / 1000 * 31 = $1550

Storage cost

Now, we will calculate the price for the total data stored in S3 Standard for a month—from 1^st March to 31^st March. We can calculate data in terms of only GB-Month because data is moving to other tiers and each object would add to monthly pricing for only the amount of time it is stored in S3 Standard during the month. Accordingly, the price for data storage for this one-month period is as follows:

• Total number of days of storage = 31 days
• Price of data Storage in S3 Standard for the first 50 TB per month = $0.025 per GB
• Price of data Storage in S3 Standard for the next 450 TB per month = $0.024 per GB

Since data is changing every day, we will calculate the effective storage for March in terms of GB-Month. This calculation will signify that the changing data size, on a cumulative basis, was in total that much GB per month for the month of March. Notably, any new data uploaded to S3 Standard will remain there for 30 days. So, the calculation of cost for March would be as follows:

• Total GB-Month = (Data Uploaded on 1^st March and be there till 30^th March) + (Data Uploaded on 2^nd March and be there till 31^st March) + (Data Uploaded on 3^rd March for its GB-Month till 31^st March) + … + (Data Uploaded on 31^st March)
• Hence, total GB-Month for March = (10240 GB * 30 days/31 days per month) + (10240 GB * (31-1) days / 31 days per month) + (10240GB * (31-2) days / 31 days per month) + … + (10240 * (31-30)) days / 31 days per month) = (10240 GB / 31 days per month) * (31 + (31-1) + (31-2) + … + (31-30)) days
• This works out to (10240/31) *((31*31) -(1+1+2+…+30))) GB-Month, and further simplified as (10240 * (961 – 466) / 31) GB-Month = (10240 * 495 / 31) GB-Month The final figure amounts to 163509.677 GB-Month, or 159.677TB-Month

(B) The cost of storage for the month of March is 50 TB-Month at $0.025 per GB + 109.677 TB-Month at $0.024 per GB = 50 * 1024 * $0.025 + 109.677 * 1024 * $0.024, amounting to $3975.42

Transition to Intelligent Tier

After 30 days from creation, data would be moved to the S3 Intelligent Tier and remain there for the next 60 days. For the first 30 days, it would be in Frequent Access Tier; then it will move to the Infrequent Access Tier for the remaining days. For simplicity, we assume that there is no access while data is stored in S3 IT. If some data is accessed frequently beyond the first 30 days in S3 IT, such data would remain in the Frequent Access Tier; but we would need to dig deeper to find out which data subsets have been accessed frequently and at what times; this is a difficult task. However, we can make estimations using the Bucket’s CloudWatch Storage Metrics Graph.

• Objects uploaded to S3 on 1^st March would move to S3 IT on 31^st March and remain there till 29^th
• Objects uploaded to S3 on 2^nd March would move to S3 IT on 1^st April and remain there till 30^th
• Objects uploaded to S3 on 3^rd March would remain in S3 standard on 1^st April; then they move to S3 IT on 2^nd April and remain there till 31^st
• Objects uploaded to S3 on 4^th March would remain in S3 standard from 1^st to 2^nd April; these objects then move to S3 IT on 3^rd April and remain there till 1^st

Similarly, data uploaded to S3 on other days would move to S3 IT after 30 days. Hence, the date of this transition would fall somewhere in April. So, for days in April before this date, this data would be in S3 Standard. From this date onwards, the data would be in S3 IT and then remain there for a total of 60days. Finally, data uploaded to S3 on 31^st March would be in S3 Standard from 1^st April to 29^th April, and then would move to S3 IT on 30^th April; it will remain there till 29^th June.

The S3 Intelligent Tier Cost for March

Objects uploaded to S3 on 1^st March would move to S3 IT on 31^st March and remain there till 29^th May.

Transition Cost

• The Lifecycle Transition Price to S3 IT is $0.01 per 1000 Lifecycle Transition requests (objects)

(C) Thus, the cost of Transition to S3 IT on 31^st March is 10,000,000 * $0.01 / 1000, which works out to $100

Storage Cost

• The price for Storage in Frequent Access Tier, first 50 TB / Month is $0.025 per GB

(D) Thus, the cost of data storage for 31^st March is 10240GB * 1 day / 31 days per month * $0.025 per GB, which equates to (10240 * 0.025) / 31, totaling $8.258

Monitoring and Automation Cost

• For Monitoring and Automation, all Storage / Month = $0.0025 per 1,000 objects

(E) Monitoring and Automation Cost for March = 10,000,000 * $0.0025 / 1000 = $25

 The S3 Standard Tier Cost for April

Storage Cost

• The total GB-Month in April is 10TB Data on 1^st April for 3^rd March upload + 10TB Data on 1^st and 2^nd April for 4^th March upload + … + 10TB Data from 1^st to 29^th April for 31^st March upload.

So, the actual calculations are as follow: (10TB * 1 day / 30 days per month) + (10TB * 2 days / 30 days per month) + … + (10TB * 29 days / 30 days per month) This equates to 10 * (1+2+…+29) / 30 TB-Month = 10 * 435 / 30 TB-Month, totaling 145 TB-Month (F) The cost of storage for Standard Tier in April = ((50 * 1024) GB * $0.025 per GB) + ((95 * 1024) GB * $0.024 per GB), which is $3614.72

S3 Intelligent Tier Cost for April

The objects uploaded on 1^st March transitioned to the S3 Intelligent Tier on 31^st March; these objects will be in the S3 Intelligent Tier (S3 IT) in April from 1^st April to 29^th April in the Frequent access Tier; then in the Infrequent access Tier on 30^th April. Objects uploaded from 2^nd March to 31^st March will get transitioned to S3 Intelligent Tier (S3 IT) in April from 1^st April till 30^th April and remain there accordingly for 60 days.

Transition Cost

• The Lifecycle Transition price to S3 IT is $0.01 per 1000 Lifecycle Transition requests (objects)
• Total Objects Transitioned to S3 IT in April are 10,000,000 * 30, that is, 300,000,000

(G) So, the cost for Lifecycle Transition in April is 300,000,000 * $0.01 / 1000, which amounts to $3000

Storage Cost

• The total GB-Month of Data in the S3 IT for the month of April is ( (10TB * 29 days / 30 days per month) + (10TB * 30 days / 30 days per month) + (10TB * (30-1) days / 30 days per month) + (10TB * (30-2) days / 30 days per month) + … + (10TB * (30-29) days / 30 days per month) ) (Frequent access)

+ (10TB * 1 day / 30 days per month) (Infrequent access)

• This translates to 10TB * (29 + 30 + (30 –1) + (30 –2) + … + (30-29) ) days / 30 days Per month + (10TB * 1 day / 30 days per month);
• that is, 10 * (29 + (30*30) - (1+2+…+29) ) / 30 TB-Month = 164.67 TB-Month (Frequent access) + 1/3 TB-Month (Infrequent access)

(H) Thus, the cost for S3 IT storage = (50 * 1024 * $0.025) + (114.67 * 1024 * $0.024) + (1/3 * 1024 * $0.019), which works out to $4104.533

Monitoring and Automation Cost

• For Monitoring and Automation, all Storage / Month is $0.0025 per 1,000 objects

(I) So, the cost of S3 Intelligent Tier Management is ($0.0025 / 1000) * (( (10Million * 29 days / 30 days per month) + (10Million * 30 days / 30 days per month) + (10Million * (30-1) days / 30 days per month) + (10Million * (30-2) days / 30 days per month) + (10Million * (30-3) days / 30 days per month) + … + (10Million * (30-29) days / 30 days per month) ) (Frequent access) + (10Million * 1 day / 30 days per month)) (Infrequent access)) Hence, the actual calculations are

• ($0.0025 / 1000) * (10Million * (29 + 30 + (30-1) + (30-2) + (30-3) + … + (30-29) + 1) days / 30 days per month),
• which translates to ($0.0025 / 1000) * (10Million * (30 + 30 + (30-1) + (30-2) + (30-3) + … + (30-29)) days / 30 days per month);
• that is, ($0.0025 / 1000) * (10Million * 495 days) / 30 days per month) = ($0.0025 / 1000) * 165MillionObject-month, amounting to $5

S3 Intelligent Tier Cost for May

• Objects uploaded on 1^st March will get transitioned to the S3 Intelligent Tier (S3 IT) Infrequent access Tier on 30^th April; they will remain there accordingly for 30 days, i.e., on 30^th April and from 1^st May until 29^th
• Objects uploaded from 2^nd March to 31^st March will get transitioned to the S3 Intelligent Tier (S3 IT) in April—from 1^st April till 30^th They will be in the Frequent Tier for 30 days. Then these objects will be automatically moved to the S3 Intelligent Tier (S3 IT) Infrequent access Tier for another 30 days.
• Object transitioned to S3 IT on 1^st April will be in the Infrequent access Tier from 1^st May to 30^th
• Object transitioned to S3 IT on 2^nd April will be in the Frequent access Tier on 1^st Then, it will be in the Infrequent access Tier from 2^nd May to 31^st May.
• Object transitioned to S3 IT on 3^rd April will be in Frequent access Tier on 1^st and 2^nd Then, it will be in the Infrequent access Tier from 3^rd May to 31^st May and 1^st June.
• Similarly, transition will occur for data uploaded on other dates.
• Object transitioned to S3 IT on 30^th April will be in the Frequent access Tier from 1^st May up to 29^th Then, it will be in the Infrequent access Tier from 30^th May to 31^st May and from 1^st June to 28^th June.

Transition Cost

Since there is no transition from the S3 standard to the S3 Intelligent Tier in May, and S3 Intelligent Tier’s sub-Tiers (i.e., Frequent/Infrequent Access Tiers) don’t count for Transition, there is zero cost of Lifecycle transition this month.

Storage Cost

For Frequent Access Tier,

• Total GB-Month of Data in S3 IT for month of May = (10TB * 1 day / 31 days per month) + (10TB * 2 days / 31 days per month) + (10TB * 3 days / 31 days per month) + … + (10TB * 29 days / 31 days per month) (Frequent access);
• this translates to 10TB * (1+2+3+…+29) days / 31 days per month;
• that is, 10 * (1+2+3+…+29) / 31 TB-Month, resulting in 140.322 TB-Month

(J) So, the cost for S3 IT storage (Frequent access) = (50 * 1024 * $0.025) + (90.322 * 1024 * $0.024), which is $3499.753472 For Infrequent Access Tier,

• The total GB-Month of Data in S3 IT for month of May is (10TB * 29 days / 31 days per month) + (10TB * 30 days / 31 days per month) + (10TB * (31-1) days / 31 days per month) + (10TB * (31-2) days / 31 days per month) + … + (10TB * (31-29) days / 31 days per month) (Infrequent access);
• this would be 10TB * (29 + 30) days / 31 days per month + 10TB * (31*29 - (1+2+3+…+29)) days / 31 days per month;
• which equates to, 10 * (29 + 30 + 31*29 - (1+2+3+…+29)) / 31 TB-Month, i.e, 168.7096 TB-Month

(K) The cost for S3 IT storage (Infrequent access) is then 168.7096 * 1024 * $0.019, totaling $3282.41398

Monitoring and Automation Cost

• Monitoring and Automation, All Storage / Month is $0.0025 per 1,000 objects

(L) The cost of S3 Intelligent Tier Management is ($0.0025 / 1000) * (Frequent Access Tier: (10Million * 1 day / 31 days per month) + (10Million * 2 days / 31 days per month) + (10Million * 3 days / 31 days per month) + … + (10Million * 29 days / 31 days per month) + Infrequent Access Tier: (10Million * 29 days / 31 days per month) + (10Million * 30 days / 31 days per month) + (10Million * (31-1) days / 31 days per month) + (10Million * (31-2) days / 31 days per month) + … + (10Million * (31-29) days / 31 days per month)); this would translate to ($0.0025 / 1000) * (10Million * (1+2+3+…+29) days / 31 days per month +10Million * (29+30+(31-1) +(31-2) +…+(31-29)) days / 31 days per month); that is, ($0.0025 / 1000) * ((10 * ((1+2+3+…+29) + (29 + 30 + (29 * 31) - (1+2+3+…+29)))/ 31) MillionObject-Month); further, ($0.0025 / 1000) * ((10 * (29 + 30 + (29 * 31)) / 31) MillionObject-Month); thus, ($0.0025 / 1000) * (309.032258065 MillionObject-Month), amounting to $7725.80645

S3 Glacier Deep Archive Tier Cost for May

Objects uploaded to S3 will finally get transitioned to the S3 Glacier Deep Archive Tier after 90 days of creation and remain there accordingly for the remaining period of 30 days before being completely deleted from S3. Object uploaded on March 1^st will get transitioned to the Deep Archive on May 30^th and remain there on 30^th and 31^st May; subsequently, it will remain in the Deep Archive from 1^st June for the remaining 30 days of the month. Similarly, the object uploaded on March 2^nd will get transitioned to the Deep Archive on May 31^st and remain there on 31^st May; then, from 1^st June, it will remain for 30 days in Deep Archive.

Transition Cost        

• The price of Lifecycle Transition Requests per 1000 requests is $0.07

(M) Thus, the cost of Transition to the Deep Archive in May is 2 * 10,000,000 * $0.07 / 1000, that is, $1400

Storage Cost

The storage Price for objects in Deep Archive is affected by 3 factors:

1. The total data size stored
2. The total S3 standard index size @ 8KB per object
3. The total S3 Glacier Deep Archive index size @ 32KB per object

Calculations are as follows:

• The total Object Count transitioned to Deep Archive in May is 20,000,000
• So, the total Data Size = 2 * 10TB
• The total TB-Month of data size in May is (10TB * 2 days / 31 days per month) + (10TB * 1 day / 31 days per month) + (32KB * 10,000,000 * 2 days / 31 days per month) + (8KB * 10,000,000 * 1 day / 31 days per month) (S3 Standard);
• that is, (990.967741935 GB-Month + 9.84438 GB-Month) (Deep Archive) + (2.461095 GB-Month) (S3 Standard);
• so, 1000.81212194 GB-Month (Deep Archive) + (2.461095 GB-Month) (S3 Standard)
• The Deep Archive Storage Price = All Storage / Month is $0.002 per GB
• The S3 Standard Price = First 50 TB / Month is $0.025 per GB

(N) Thus, the cost of Storage in Deep Archive in May = 1000.81212194 * $0.002 + 2.461095 * $0.025, totaling $2.06315

S3 Intelligent Tier Cost for June

• Object transitioned to S3 IT on 2^nd April will be in Frequent access Tier up to 1^st Then, in Infrequent access Tier from 2^nd May to 31^st May.
• Object transitioned to S3 IT on 3^rd April will be in Frequent access Tier up to 2^nd Then, in Infrequent access Tier from 3^rd May to 31^st May and 1^st June.
• Similarly, object transitioned to S3 IT on 4^th April will be in Frequent access Tier on 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd Then, in Infrequent access Tier from 4^th May to 31^st May and then on 1^st and 2^nd June.
• These considerations apply similarly to objects uploaded later in April or May.
• Object transitioned to S3 IT on 30^th April will be in Frequent access Tier from 1^st May up to 29^th Then, in Infrequent access Tier from 30^th May to 31^st May; subsequently, from 1^st June to 28^th June.

Storage Cost

• The total TB-Month in June can be calculated as (10TB * 1 day / 30 days per month) + (10TB * 2 days / 30 days per month) + (10TB * 3 days / 30 days per month) + … + (10TB * 28 days / 30 days per month);
• which is, 10 * (1+2+3+…+28) / 30 TB-Month, totaling 135.33333 TB-Month

(O) Then, the cost for S3 IT storage (Infrequent access) is (10 * (1+2+3+…+28) / 30 * 1024 * $0.019), totaling $2633.04533

S3 Glacier Deep Archive Tier Cost for the remaining period

Remember, objects will be transitioned to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 90 days from creation and deleted after 120 days of creation.

• Price of Lifecycle Transition Requests per 1000 requests is $0.07
• Price of Lifecycle Transition Requests for Deletion is $0
• Deep Archive storage Price = All Storage / Month is $0.002 per GB
• The S3 Standard Price = First 50 TB / Month is $0.025 per GB, next 450 TB / Month is $0.024

The minimum storage duration in the Deep Archive is 180 days. So, any object in Deep Archive that is deleted before 180 days from the day of transition to Deep Archive will be charged as if it were stored for 180 days after transitioning there.

Here is information from AWS on S3 Pricing:

Objects that are archived to S3 Glacier and S3 Glacier Deep Archive have a minimum 90 days and 180 days of storage, respectively. Objects deleted before 90 days and 180 days incur a pro-rated charge equal to the storage charge for the remaining days. Objects that are deleted, overwritten, or transitioned to a different storage class before the minimum storage duration will incur the normal storage usage charge plus a pro-rated request charge for the remainder of the minimum storage duration.  

This applies to the current scenario; thus, we need to calculate cost for 180 days in Deep Archive, instead of 30 days.

Calculations

• Object transitioned to Deep Archive on 30^th May will remain in Deep Archive in June from 1^st up to 28^th
• Object transitioned to Deep Archive on 31^st May will remain in Deep Archive in June from 1^st up to 29^th
• Object transitioned to S3 IT Infrequent access Tier on 2^nd May will be transitioned to Deep Archive on 1^st Then, it will remain there up to 30^th June.
• Object transitioned to S3 IT Infrequent access Tier on 3^rd May will be transitioned to Deep Archive on 2^nd Then, it will remain there up to 30^th June and on 1^st July.
• This logic is similarly applied to later objects.
• Object transitioned to S3 IT Infrequent access Tier on 30^th May will be transitioned to the Deep Archive after 28^th Then, it will remain there on 29^th June and 30^th June and from 1^st July to 28^th July.

Transition Cost

• The price of Lifecycle Transition Requests per 1000 requests is $0.07

(P) So, the cost of Transition to Deep Archive in June is 29 * 10,000,000 * $0.07 / 1000, which works out to $20300. Again, the minimum Deep Archive storage period is 180 days.

• Object Uploaded to S3 on 1^st March has transitioned to Deep Archive on 30^th
• The month wise days it should have been in Deep Archive, if not deleted early, would be as follows – 30^th May and 31^st May; the full months of June, July, August, September, and October; then the days from 1^st November until 25^th
• Object Uploaded to S3 on 31^st March has transitioned to Deep Archive on 29^th
• Month wise days it should have been in Deep Archive, if not deleted early, would be – 29^th and 30^th June; the full months of July, August, September, October, and November; then, the days from 1^st December up to 25^th

All data transitioned in between will fill up the middle months and days, in chronological order, between these two extremities.

Storage Cost

As stated earlier, there are 3 components for Deep Archive Storage:

1. The total data size stored
2. A total S3 standard index size of 8KB per object

(For early deletion, I will be adding this component too. If anybody finds it incorrect, please provide your comment; I would be happy to correct)

3. A total S3 Glacier Deep Archive index size of 32KB per object

(For early deletion, I will be adding this component too. If anybody finds it incorrect, please provide your comment; I would be happy to correct) In case of Early deletion, as referred above from the Pricing page, storage cost would be equal to storage for 180 days from the date of transition to Deep Archive. There is also a pro-rated request charge for early deletion cases, but I am not able to find the pricing unit for that, so I will be skipping such request charges. (I will try to figure it out and update later, or if anybody has any information, please provide in a comment below; I would be happy to update and appreciate your inputs.)

Deep Archive Storage Costs in June

• The total TB-Month for Data Objects is calculated as (10TB * 30 days / 30 days per month) + (10TB * (30-1) days / 30 days per month) + (10TB * (30-2) days / 30 days per month) + … + (10TB * (30-27) days / 30 days per month) + (10TB * (30-28) days / 30 days per month);
• this equates to 10TB * ((30-0) + (30-1) + (30-2) + … + (30-27) + (30-28)) days / 30 days per month;
• that is, 10TB * (30*29 - (1+2+…+28)) days/ 30 days per month = 10 * ((30*29) - (14*29)) / 30 TB-Month;
• which amounts to 154.666666667 TB-Month
• The total GB-Month for Deep Archive Index Objects is (32KB * 10,000,000 * 30 days / 30 days per month) + (32KB * 10,000,000 * (30-1) days / 30 days per month) + (32KB * 10,000,000  * (30-2) days / 30 days per month) + … + (32KB * 10,000,000  * (30-27) days / 30 days per month) + (32KB * 10,000,000  * (30-28) days / 30 days per month);
• so, 32KB * 10,000,000 * ((30*29) - (14*29)) / 30 KB-Month, which amounts to 4720.05208333 GB-Month
• The total GB-Month for S3 Index Objects = (8KB * 10,000,000 * 30 days / 30 days per month) + (32KB * 10,000,000 * (30-1) days / 30 days per month) + (8KB * 10,000,000  * (30-2) days / 30 days per month) + … + (8KB * 10,000,000  * (30-27) days / 30 days per month) + (8KB * 10,000,000  * (30-28) days / 30 days per month);
• so, 8KB * 10,000,000 * ((30*29) - (14*29)) / 30 KB-Month, totaling 1180.01302083 GB-Month

(Q) Thus, the total Costs of Storage in June are ((154.666666667 * 1024) + 4720.05208333) * $0.002 + (1180.01302083 * $0.025); this amounts to $355.697763

Deep Archive Storage Costs in July

• The total TB-Month for Data Objects is 31 * (10TB * 31 days / 31 days per month), amounting to 310 TB-Month
• The total GB-Month for Deep Archive Index Objects is 31 * (32KB * 10,000,000 * 31 days / 31 days per month), that is, 9460.44921875 GB-Month
• The total GB-Month for S3 Index Objects is 31 * (8KB * 10,000,000 * 31 days / 31 days per month), which, is 2365.11230469 GB-Month

(R) So, total Costs of Storage in July = (((310 * 1024) + 9460.44921875) * $0.002) + (2365.11230469 * $0.025), totaling $712.928706

Deep Archive Storage Costs in August

• The total TB-Month for Data Objects is 31 * (10TB * 31 days / 31 days per month), that is, 310 TB-Month
• The total GB-Month for Deep Archive Index Objects is 31 * (32KB * 10,000,000 * 31 days / 31 days per month), which is 9460.44921875 GB-Month
• The total GB-Month for S3 Index Objects is 31 * (8KB * 10,000,000 * 31 days / 31 days per Month), amounting to 2365.11230469 GB-Month

(S) So, the total Costs of Storage in August are calculated (((310 * 1024) + 9460.44921875) * $0.002) + (2365.11230469 * $0.025); this amounts to $712.928706

Deep Archive Storage Costs in September

• The total TB-Month for Data Objects is 31 * (10TB * 30 days / 30 days per month), that is, 310 TB-Month
• The total GB-Month for Deep Archive Index Objects is 31 * (32KB * 10,000,000 * 30 days / 30 days per month), which is 9460.44921875 GB-Month
• The total GB-Month for S3 Index Objects is 31 * (8KB * 10,000,000 * 30 days / 30 days per month), which equals 2365.11230469 GB-Month

(T) So, the total Cost of Storage in September is (((310 * 1024) + 9460.44921875) * $0.002) + (2365.11230469 * $0.025), totaling $712.928706

Deep Archive Storage Costs in October

• The total TB-Month for Data Objects is 31 * (10TB * 31 days / 31 days per month), that is, 310 TB-Month
• The total GB-Month for Deep Archive Index Objects is 31 * (32KB * 10,000,000 * 31 days / 31 days per month), amounting to 9460.44921875 GB-Month
• The Total GB-Month for S3 Index Objects id 31 * (8KB * 10,000,000 * 31 days / 31 days per month), which is 2365.11230469 GB-Month

(U) So, the total Cost of Storage in October is (((310 * 1024) + 9460.44921875) * $0.002) + (2365.11230469 * $0.025); the total for October is $712.928706

Deep Archive Storage Costs in November

• The total TB-Month for Data Objects = 31 * (10TB * 25 days / 30 days per month) + 30 * (10TB * 1 day / 30 days per month)  + 29 * (10TB * 1 day / 30 days per month)  + 28 * (10TB * 1 day / 30 days per month)  + 27 * (10TB * 1 day / 30 days per month)  + 26 * (10TB * 1 day / 30 days per month);
• that is, 10 * ((31*25) + 30 + 29 + 28 + 27 + 26) / 30 TB-Month, which equals 305 TB-Month